Sunday, 23 April 2017

History of the Thriller Genre

Early Thrillers
1920's + 1930's

  • In 1926 Alfred Hitchcock (a British director, who directed many famous thriller films) released his first thriller 'The Lodger', a silent thriller that followed a Jack The Ripper plot.
  • The thriller movies released in this time period, could be said to be the most key thriller films produced.
  • They used techniques that are widely recognised as the codes and conventions of the thriller genre.
  • Through the repetition of the codes and conventions, it is now clear to any audience if a film fits into the thriller genre.

Thrillers in the 
1940's

In the 1940's Hitchcock continued to:
  • Release suspense-thrillers:
    • Foreign Correspondent (1940)
    • Rebecca (1940)
    • Saboteur (1942)
    • Shadow of a Doubt (1943)

Thrillers Films
1950's

In the 1950's Alfred Hitchcock made a massive change to the thriller genre. He added technicolor to his thrillers, they were no longer in black and white. He also added a touch of glamour to his films, by casting 'icey blondes' to play the leading ladies.

Hitchcock films in the 50's:
  • Strangers on a Train (1951) 
  • Dial M For Murder (1954) 
  • Rear Window (1954)  
  • To Catch a Thief (1955)
  • Vertigo (1958)

Iconic Sounds


Research #1

CONVENTIONS OF A THRILLER
  • creates suspense and excitement for the audience
  • enigmatic
  • violence is central
  • hero and antagonist share characteristics
  • possibly focuses on the injustices of society
ART HOUSE ...
is a film genre which encompasses films where the content and style – often artistic or experimental – adhere with as little compromise as possible to the filmmakers’ personal artistic vision. The narrative is often in the social realism style with a focus on the characters’ contemplation of their existence or immediate concerns.

Audience Expectations

PRIMARY RESEARCH

I asked 20 people to complete this questionnaire, the results were all fairly similar. 

  • The audiences expectations of what is conventional in a thriller are very similar to secondary research and the correct conventions.
  • Some themes can be misinterpreted with horror, such as the supernatural and jump scares.
I also asked the question alongside whether they enjoyed watching thrillers, and 65% answers yes, which could relate to the accurate answers to what is expected in a thriller.













Thriller film research source



SECONDARY RESEARCH
From this blog post, it is shown that the highest expectations from a thriller film are blood, police and action, which are conventions relating most to crime thrillers such as 'Silence of the Lambs' and 'Memento'. This supports the results of one of the other charts from the source which shows that from the participants, crime thrillers are most watched with 35%, and action thrillers at 30%. The sub genres of action and crime thrillers overlap each other in terms of conventions, and would supposedly create the most suspense and perhaps enigma in narrative.


Conventions of the Thriller genre

9 Frame Structure Analysis

Thriller Iconography



AESTHETICS

SHADOWS
COLOUR SCHEME
DARK MOODY ATMOSPHERE
Films like Shutter Island, No Country for Old Men, and Donnie Darko have a dark and gloomy atmosphere which suits the narrative and also the audience.

CAMERA ANGLES
EXTREME CLOSEUPS
OVERHEAD SHOTS
VARIETY OF SHOTS
MIDSHOTS
FULL BODY SHOTS
Films such as The Grand Budapest Hotel, Moon, and Life of Pi include a variety of angles, some creating the dramatic feel of the film.

EDITING

STILLS/SHARP CUTS
DIEGETIC & NON-DIEGETIC SOUND
Films, including, Enemy of the State, Pulp Fiction, and Usual Suspects, use certain editing techniques that make it look professional and also keeping consistent, and do not under or over edit.

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Certain devices found in Thriller films are such like the following:

Knives - knives are a typical symbol associated with a thriller as they have connotations of blood, death, pain and brutality. A typical representation of this would be in the famous knife scene from Hitchcock's film 'Psycho'. Knives are often used to show that somebody is going to get killed and thus it acts a common device to keep the audience engaged.

Shadows - Silhouettes and shadows are what give a thriller the enigma and mystery for the audience. Shadows are a common piece of iconography associated with the thriller genre because they build up fear in the audience, by instigating that the protagonist is being watch by a human being or some kind of animal/monster. The protagonist is often oblivious to this but can often sense that something isn't right, which leads them on their journey. They often induce thoughts of fear and darkness for the audience as well as giving them clues and they ask questions out of suspense. A character with a silhouette is most likely to be the antagonist, which usually isn't revealed until the end of the film.

Confined Spaces - The use of confined spaces in a thriller also makes the audience feels as though they are too trapped. Being in a confined space often leads the protagonist to start breathing heavily and panting to inform how they are trapped and cannot escape, or it often leads to the start of their struggle as they try to break free.

Woods - Woods are locations often used for thrillers. This is because they create a sense of being lost as the characters find themselves trying to figure out how to escape. Woods are often isolated too, which creates a sense of vulnerability and it seems inevitable that the characters will ever find any help. There may be one house in the woods which often turns out to be the antagonist.

Running Water - Running water is often a symbol of death  as it suggests the draining of life or it is often associated with blood  dripping and suggests that the characters are in danger.

Street Lamps - Street lights at night are often used in thrillers to keep the emphasis and focus on the protagonist and the fact that there is almost complete darkness surrounding them, apart from the spotlight from the lamp. This further accentuates the fact that the protagonist is alone in the dark and creates fear for the audience as they do not know what might be underlying in the darkness and therefore a tense atmosphere is created.


Saturday, 22 April 2017

Technologies Used

iMovie - Used to piece together rough cuts of the opening so we knew which footage to use.

Garage Band - To edit our audio on such as the voicemails (adding effects to make it sound like a voicemail as well as the beeps and order).

Final Cut Pro - This was the software on which we edited the footage and pieced everything together (lighting/colouring, cuts, credits).

Evaluation of Rough Cuts

BBFC Rating & Demographic

The BBFC rating for our film (opening) will be a 15, as the film will contain strong language, imitable behaviour such as suicide, and threat and violence. It has a narrative of kidnapping and being held in captivity, which could be sensitive to some younger viewers.

The primary demographic will be middle class white males from ages 25-50, as that is the relate age, race and class to the protagonist of the film. The wide age gap is because of the influence film has on the younger audiences nowadays. Influential directors such as Stanley Kubrick claimed their demographic in the pinnacle of their success, like in the 70's. This audience would now be older, hence the wider age gap.

The primary demographic will be white males as that is the gender and race of the protagonist, and the film will deal with issues relative to his life, and so perhaps ,male viewers can relate more to him.

The demographic can be better defined by the ACORN system where they would occupy the B and C1 social grades (middle and lower middle class). The demographic needs to have a sufficient amount of disposable income to view a film that isn't necessarily a box office hit, but more a film that requires problem solving and isn't attractive to the mainstream audience.The mentality of our demographic can be described as that of a 'reformer' (those who are social aware, intellectual and seek out authenticity) and 'explorer' (people who are driven by a need for challenge and discovery).

Regarding Maslow's 'Hierarchy of Needs' the film will cater the viewers need for belonging and love as well as self-actualisation. The protagonist will go on a journey of self-realisation in the film, realising he is neglecting those around him, and realise that he needs to change; which could provoke a similar feeling in the audience.

Using Blumler and Katz's 'Uses and Gratifications' theory, it can be suggested that the audience will use this film for entertainment and relationships; the latter referring to its arthouse sub-genre which cites it as a niche film, therefore creating an inclusive audience that is likely to critique and discuss the film amongst each other. Entertainment can be derived from our film because it's nar

Russell Second Draft


Film Screening Feedback

On Tuesday 22nd February we screened our film opening for the first time to our seven classmates and teacher and using the questionnaire below received the following feedback:



Overall, our film opening received very positive and encouraging responses.
The majority of the audience responded emotionally to the opening with fear, confusion and intrigue.


The main criticism we received is as follows:

  • The second half of the opening was too quiet/ slow
  • The film opening needs to be cut down to 2:15 maximum 
  • The diegetic sound needs to be increased/ revised
  • Titles need to be adapted (placement and size)
  • Links between sound and visuals need to be developed
This feedback is essential to the film opening's development and we have scheduled a final editing session before our deadline of 28/2/17 where we will take everyones opinions into consideration and hopefully produce a film opening to be proud of.

Russell First Draft




Voicemail Casting

CAST

VOICEMAIL GREETING: JOE DELLA-PORTA
DOCTORS RECEPTIONIST: GEMMA EVENDEN
DAUGHTER: GRACE EVENDEN
BOSS: MICHAEL EVENDEN
EX-WIFE: TRUDY BARBER
NEIGHBOUR: CALUMN KING

VOICEMAIL SCRIPT ALTERATIONS:

When recording the 'Boss' voicemail our group and the actor discussed the legitimacy of the script and decided that the actor, who had experience as an employer, would ad-lib with references to the main points in the script (e.g. the boss was sorry making this decision). The final voicemail recording was more effective than the scripted version.

Once we had shot the film opening and begun editing we realised that we needed to adapt the voicemail audio so to fit the 30 second time period dedicated to the tracking establishing shot. Since we were yet to cast the 'Girlfriend' we deemed it better to abandon this role as it didn't have as much significance in establishing Russell's character/ life as the others did.

Title

Font



We have decided to use the font 'Times New Roman' for our opening credits because it fits the dictionary layout we are mimicking. This style is original, especially when animated onto alternating monochromatic backgrounds/ fonts, therefore attributing to our films unconvential plot and niche audience.
The significance of the dictionary is established as the film explores the definition of life and its meaning/ value through the kidnapping/ interrogation and possible murder of Russell Simmons (a man who is taking his life for granted/ ruining his 'one chance').

Side note: It could be interpreted that there is not a 'dictionary' definition for 'what it is to be alive'.

UPDATE:
Due to the length of our film opening (the first draft was almost 3 minutes) we decided against using title screens and instead incorporated the credits into the shots to save time.

Film Opening Pitches

PITCH #1

Quick summary of film opening:
The film opens with a tracking shot through a house, getting closer to the diegetic sound of a radio which is in the basement. The radio station is being changed repeatedly, so there is a mixture of static and juxtaposing music. The framing is symmetrical as the camera continues to track towards the basement, following a path lined with clutter (books, furniture etc). As the camera descends into the basement, the lighting changes from artificial bright white light to dark red/pink neon lighting. The title screen. Montage of extreme/close ups of items in the basement, diegetic sound continues. Credit screen's appear briefly. One of the close up reveals a calendar/piece of paper with 'phase one' written on it. The radio finally stays on a station, 1920's flapper music music plays. From behind a wall/staircase the protagonist appears and starts dancing. The dance is jerky and out of time with the music.
This mind-map exhibits the initial ideas and concepts we want to incorporate into our film opening. The narrative is yet to be fully established , but aspects such as the title and credit sequence and the genre are more definite. That being said, something we learnt after attending the BFI lectures was that narrative doesn't necessarily have to play a huge part in a film opening, as its more important in some cases to establish character arcs and introduce the tone and feel of the film.  Notably, media texts that have influenced our pitch are cited and these play an important part in the transformation of these original ideas to the final product, as these texts can provoke inspiration.

PITCH #2

Limits


  • Time (2 minutes)                                     + Only use shots you really need
  • Deadline 28th February                           + Set shorter deadlines
  • Budget                                                     + Use what you have/at home
  • Technology                                              + Use what you have access to
  • Casting/ability                                         + Use people you know
  • Legality                                                   + Don't shoot anywhere dangerous or illegal
  • Workload                                                 + Plan times and prioritise workload
  • Location                                                  + Make use of local areas
  • Copyright                                                + Use royaltly free assets
  • Weather/time of year                               + Choose/plan setting of film